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GS III · Environment & BiodiversitySunday, 3 May 2026· Environment / Fisheries

India’s fishing industry observes 61-day ban to protect fish during peak spawning season

Why it matters for UPSC

India's seasonal fishing ban is a key policy intervention for sustainable marine resource management, relevant to Blue Economy and food security discussions. It also ties into the government's Blue Revolution (Neeli Kranti) and Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana. For Mains, it illustrates the balance between livelihoods of fishing communities and ecological conservation.

Key facts

  • India's marine fish catch in the latest year: ~3.57 million tonnes, up 3% from 3.47 million tonnes in 2024.
  • East Coast ban: April 15 to June 16 (West Bengal to Tamil Nadu).
  • West Coast ban: June 1 to July 31.
  • Total ban duration: 61 days annually.
  • Ban purpose: protect fish during peak spawning season to allow population replenishment.
  • Implemented based on expert recommendations in consultation with coastal States and UTs.
  • Dolphin Nose area
  • Kommu Konam

Last year, India’s long coastline yielded an estimated 3.57 million tonnes of marine fish, brought ashore by lakhs of fishermen, a 3% increase from 3.47 million tonnes in 2024. But this fishing is not done mindlessly. Every year, fishermen wait for 61 days to protect fish during peak spawning season, allowing fish populations to breed. Along the East Coast, from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu, fishing is suspended from April 15 to June 16, while the West Coast observes the ban from June 1 to July 31. This uniform ban was implemented based on the recommendation of experts, in consultation with coastal States and Union Territories.

Concepts to know

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)scheme

A flagship scheme launched in 2020 to bring about a Blue Revolution through sustainable and responsible development of the fisheries sector in India, targeting increased fish production, exports, and fishermen welfare.

Blue Economyterm

Sustainable use of ocean and aquatic resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and jobs; India's Blue Economy policy encompasses fisheries, aquaculture, shipping, and marine biotechnology.

Spawning Seasonterm

The period during which fish breed and reproduce. Fishing bans during peak spawning seasons are critical to prevent overfishing and ensure long-term sustainability of fish stocks.

Marine Fisheries Regulationact

Fisheries is a State subject under the Constitution, but the Marine Fishing Regulation Acts enacted by coastal states and the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) govern sustainable exploitation of marine resources within India's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)term

A sea zone extending 200 nautical miles from a nation's coastline where the country has sovereign rights over exploration and use of marine resources, including fisheries.

Blue Revolution (Neeli Kranti)scheme

A centrally sponsored scheme aimed at integrated development and management of fisheries for economic prosperity of fishermen and fish farmers, contributing to food and nutritional security in India.

Linked previous-year questions

The UPSC questions this story connects to.

  1. With reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements: 1. The leader of an elephant group is a female. 2. The maximum gestation period can be 22 months. 3. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only. 4. Among the States in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only

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    • d.1, 2 and 3
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  3. Consider the following statements: 1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India. 2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention. 3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

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    • a.1 and 2
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  5. How does the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) help in protecting Indian Agriculture? 1. NBA checks the biopiracy and protects the indigenous and traditional genetic resources. 2. NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants. 3. Application for Intellectual Property Rights related to genetic/ biological resources cannot be made without the approval of NBA. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

    • a.1 only
    • b.2 and 3 only
    • c.1 and 3 only
    • d.1, 2 and 3
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  6. With reference to Government of India's decision regarding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) during the year 2001-02 consider the following statements: 1. Out of the 100% FDI allowed by India in the tea sector the foreign firm would have to disinvest 33% of the equity in favour of an Indian partner within four years 2. Regarding the FDI in print media in India, the single largest Indian shareholders should have a holding higher than 26% Which of these statements is/are correct? (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

    • a.Only 1
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    • c.Both 1 and 2
    • d.Neither 1 nor 2
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